中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
动车“体检师”精心守护广深港高铁列车安全******
中新社广州1月14日电 题：动车“体检师”精心守护广深港高铁列车安全
中新社记者 郭军
凌晨时分，在南方潮湿的空气中，一列“复兴号”列车缓缓驶入广州南动车运用所一二级检修库，这里专门针对动车组列车进行检查、测试、维修和养护等作业。广深港高铁福田至香港西九龙段即将恢复运营之际，记者深夜探访了这个中国华南地区最大的动车检修所。
图为1月12日晚，广东省广州市，广州南动车运用所工作人员检修广深港高铁“复兴号”列车。 中新社记者 陈骥旻 摄据介绍，广铁集团广州动车段组织动车“体检师”，为即将担当广深港高铁交路的动车组列车开展深度检查和养护，认真做好动车组性能调试、消毒等工作，为广深港高铁福田至香港西九龙段正式恢复运营做足了准备。
走进检修库，一列“复兴号”列车停在轨道上，几名工作人员正在列车两侧和车顶上进行检修作业，偌大的检修库内略显安静，偶尔听见受电弓断电时发出的噼啪声。
图为1月12日晚，广东省广州市，一列广深港高铁“复兴号”列车停靠在广州南动车运用所一二级检修库内等待检修。 中新社记者 陈骥旻 摄“这一列广深港高铁‘复兴号’列车今晚将接受一级检修，四名工作人员要花上两个半小时来完成这项工作。”广州动车段广州南动车运用所助理工程师周帅介绍说，重点是做好列车走行部、内部服务设施、车顶的检修。
不仅是细致入微，还要面面俱到。轨道之下，长长的地沟也要走一遍，工作人员手里的手电筒既有照明的作用，同时还有摄像头在上面，检查到的每一处也会有影像记录下来。
每一处检查，既靠眼力，也有科技加持。车组轮对、牵引电机、齿轮箱等部件都是检查的重点，一旦发现故障，工作人员就会及时向上级汇报，然后再由专门的工作人员过来维修。
图为1月12日晚，广东省广州市，广州南动车运用所工作人员在广深港高铁“复兴号”列车内开展检修工作。 中新社记者 陈骥旻 摄“整个转向架最重要的东西是轮对，主要检查它的踏面，看上面有没有割伤、烙伤等伤痕。”正在进行检修作业的工作人员罗前说。他又指向车体下一个类似充气轮胎的部件说道：“这是空气弹簧，属于车体与转向架之间的连接，我们检查主要是确保它没有裂纹和鼓泡，它的作用主要是调整车体的左右平衡。”
列车断电之后，记者随工作人员来到列车顶部。这里重点检查受电弓、避雷器等高压设备。
据介绍，按照检修作业标准，“复兴号”列车每行驶8000公里，便要接受一次一级检修。除了检修以外，为了即将到来的广深港高铁福田至香港西九龙段逐步恢复运营，广州南动车运用所也已经提前开展相关的试运行工作。
为了确保广深港高铁再次开行，广州动车段一共组织了6列标准组“复兴号”列车。“我们从8号就安排机械师随车开展试运行工作，持续开展了五天，每天都是保证车组正常地按照后续开行的交路行驶，空车不载客。我们能够、也有信心，在广深港再次开通时承担确保车组运行的任务。”周帅说道。
据介绍，广州动车段还专门挑选了24位素质高、形象好、业务高的随车机械师参与车组值乘作业，同时专门对他们进行了外事和应急培训，以确保车组在线上运行安全。(完)
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