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多国机构和专家:限制中国旅客入境,没必要******

  【环球时报驻德国特约记者 青 木 环球时报记者 邢晓婧 赵瑜莎赵霜】随着中国1月8日出入境放开时间临近,接受《环球时报》采访的多位国外专家认为,只要接种疫苗,政府没有对中国旅客采取入境限制措施的必要。

  6日下午,中国国家卫健委发布《新型冠状病毒感染诊疗方案(试行第十版)》。第十版诊疗方案内容包括对疾病名称进行调整、不再判定“疑似病例”、增加新冠病毒抗原检测阳性作为诊断标准等。本周日,中国将有序恢复公民出境游,亚太地区特别是以旅游业为支柱的东南亚国家期待中国游客的回归。据路透社6日报道,柬埔寨、印度尼西亚、新加坡等东南亚国家不要求对入境的中国旅客进行核酸检测,马来西亚和泰国仅对从中国起飞的飞机废水进行病毒检测。

  然而,未能对来自中国的入境者达成统一对策的欧盟提出强烈建议,希望欧盟国家对中国入境者实施新冠检测。5日,德国联邦卫生部长卡尔·劳特巴赫宣布,任何从中国前往德国旅行的人都必须在飞行前接受新冠病毒检测,“只有在测试呈阴性的情况下才允许入境。”他表示,至少应进行一项快速抗原检测。此外,比利时、瑞典、奥地利和希腊也宣布强制检测决定。

  德国航空运输业协会指出,世界卫生组织(WHO)和欧盟机构 ECDC都发现,此类旅行限制并不能有效防止新冠病毒的传播,因此没有必要要求旅客在离开中国前进行测试。欧洲航空协会(A4E)、国际航空运输协会(IATA)和国际机场理事会欧洲分会(ACI Europe)1月5日也发表联合声明称,对欧盟周三建议让来自中国的旅客在抵达欧洲之前进行新冠病毒检测等行为表示“遗憾”,并表示这是一种未经思考的“下意识反应”。欧洲旅游代理商及旅行社协会秘书长埃里克·德雷辛则批评称,各国政府的行动“更多是出于民粹主义原因,而不是为了实现公共卫生目标”。

  日本医疗管理研究所理事长上昌广在接受《环球时报》记者采访时说,虽然不能完全排除在中国出现新的变异毒株的可能性,但即便出现,大概率属于奥密克戎毒株的系统当中,只要接种了疫苗,日韩等国没有担心害怕的必要。最近流行的XBB毒株实际上与奥密克戎毒株类似,无需担惊受怕。奥密克戎毒株已经在东亚国家传播开来,日本采取的“水际对策”(即边境防控)措施不可能遏制病毒传播。除非中国出现毒性极强的变异毒株,“水际对策”措施才有可能发挥一定作用。

  美国哥伦比亚大学的流行病学专家杰弗里·沙曼告诉《环球时报》记者,任何国家都不能排除出现新型变异毒株的可能性,如果有些国家由此认为中国“危险”,那么实际上“旅行限制”并不会消除这种“危险”,因为病毒已经无处不在。中国此前采取的防疫政策在很大程度上有效阻止了病毒进入中国,虽然无法完全阻挡病毒,但若当初没有采取这种严格的防控措施,病毒则会迅速传播开来。

  美国传染病学会6日也在社交媒体上表示,美国政府要求中国旅客入境前进行核酸检测的做法,不仅不会在限制病毒的传播上产生多大的影响,也无助于全面评估全球病例增加所带来的影响。该声明认为,如果美国希望更好地监测病毒和疫情的发展与走向,那么政府就应该从狭隘的地理视角中跳出来,采取更为广泛的监测策略。

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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